Ungulate Mitigation Strategies

Created by University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Efficacy of Animal Activated Frightening Devices – research paper discussing how ineffective frightening devices are in the long run on elk and deer.

Evaluating Electronic Frightening Devices on Deer – paper discussing eventual habituation to frightening devices over time. A good short term mitigation strategy.

Testing Potential Ungulate Repellents – research evaluating different repellent strategies to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions.

Behavioural Approaches for Limiting Depredation by Wild Ungulates – strategies to reduce damage to agricultural resources like standing crops or stored feed.

Elk Forage Utilization on Seasonal Ranges – short description of what elk are eating and how much that overlaps with cattle.

Elk Migratory Behaviour – research paper describing effects of predators and other factors on elk migration behaviour.

Elk Versus Livestock Forage Utilization – preliminary results of a study monitoring interactions of wildlife and livestock on rangelands.

Perceptions of Utah Alfalfa Growers About Wildlife Damage to Their Hay Crops – discussion of importance of producer perceptions and implementation of compensation programs.

Summer Forage and Feeding Site Selection by Elk – study to understand behaviour of elk in regards to forage utilization.

Effect of Cattle Grazing on Native Ungulates – article by the Society of Range Management showing the positive and negative impacts of cattle grazing on wildlife.

Wild Ungulate Depredation on Winter Wheat: Effects on Grain Yield – shows that ungulate utilization of this crop did not significantly affect its yield.

GonaCon – Birth Control for Deer – An option developed for deer control in the states.

US Wildlife Contraceptives – summary of the different contraceptive options used on wildlife in the US.

Cranbrook Crop Damage – damage incurred by ungulates to forage stands.

Deer, Elk and Cattle in the East Kootenay’s – explains conflict and suggests improvements to create combined utilization of range areas.

Kootenay Provincial Ag Zone Wildlife Program – explanation of elk management plan in their area.

Wildlife Damage on Agricultural Land in the East Kootenay – paper showing need for there to be a compensation program to farmers and ranchers.

Geography of Conflict Between Elk and Agricultural Values in the Cypress Hills, Canada – looks at elk spatial patterns and makes recommendations about changing agricultural land use patterns to reduce elk damage.

Strategies to Address Agriculture/Wildlife Challenges in BC – research done in 2000 before BC had an agriculture wildlife damage compensation program.

USA Big Game Programs – appendix A to Strategies to Address Agriculture/Wildlife Challenges in BC.

US Wildlife Welfare – various mitigation strategies that are not relatively harmless to wildlife.